Continuous communication for prioritized user device applications

ABSTRACT

Continuous communication during network handovers may ensure the sending and receiving of mission-critical data by over-the-top (OTT) applications is performed without interruption using multiple communication networks. A request from an OTT application to establish a communication session with an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) core of a wireless carrier network for routing communication traffic to the IMS core may be received. Subsequently, an access point name (APN) designated by an APN parameter of the OTT application may be determined. Accordingly, in response to a determination that the APN parameter designates a continuous link APN, the communication traffic may be routed via a communication session that seamlessly switches between a continuous link APN bearer on a radio access network of the wireless carrier network and a continuous link APN tunnel on a remote network that connects to an Evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) of the wireless carrier network.

BACKGROUND

Mobile telecommunication devices are integral to the daily lives of mostusers. Originally, mobile telecommunication devices simply providedtwo-way voice communication between two people at different locations.For example, a voice call normally involves real-time, duplex,synchronous voice communications through a circuit-switched voicenetwork, in which all participants hear the other participants in realtime.

More recently, mobile telecommunication devices are also capable ofproviding data communication. Such data communication may includesending and receiving text and multimedia messages, access informationand services provided by online service providers, as well as exchangingdata with other nearby devices. LTE Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is astandard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobiletelecommunication devices.

Mobile telecommunication devices may also use other communicationnetworks to exchange voice and data communication with other devices,such as wireless local area networks (WLAN). For example, voice overwireless LAN (VoLAN) is the use of a WLAN deployed according to the IEEE802.11 standard for voice communication. Recently, wirelesstelecommunication carriers have implemented technology that makes switchoffs (handovers) between a wireless carrier network and a Wi-Fi networkduring active voice or data communications seamless. In other words,certain voice or data communication sessions that are initiated by amobile communication device on the wireless carrier network may behanded off to the Wi-Fi network in real-time without disrupting thecommunication session, or vice versa. Thus, the voice or datacommunication session may provide continuous communication to an enduser of the mobile telecommunication device even as network switchesautomatically occur. However, the types of voice or data communicationthat are able to take advantage of this technology have been generallylimited to essential carrier communication services, such as voicecalling, video calling, or Rich Communication Services (RCS) textmessaging.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING S

The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanyingfigures, in which the left-most digit(s) of a reference numberidentifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. Theuse of the same reference numbers in different figures indicates similaror identical items.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example network architecture for configuring auser device application on a user device for continuous communicationover multiple networks during a communication session.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing various components of a use devicethat is configured to enable a user device application on the userdevice to perform continuous communication over multiple networks duringa communication session.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an example process for selectively routing acommunication session of a prioritized over-the-top (OTT) applicationbased on a communication route combination indicated by an Access PointName (APN) parameter of the prioritized OTT application.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an example process for selectively routing acommunication session of a prioritized OTT application based on anapplication priority level indicated by an APN parameter of theprioritized OTT application.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an example process for transitioning acommunication session of a prioritized OTT application from a reservedcontinuous link APN bearer to a reserved continuous link APN tunnel whena user device switches from using a radio access network of a wirelesscarrier network to using a remote network.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an example process for transitioning acommunication session of a prioritized OTT application from a reservedcontinuous link APN tunnel to a reserved continuous link APN bearer whena user device switches from using remote network to using a radio accessnetwork of a wireless carrier network.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example process for applying abilling scheme to communication traffic of a user device based a type ofthe APN that is used to route the communication traffic.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure is directed to techniques for selectively configuring aconnection manager on a user device to perform real-time seamlessswitching of a prioritized communication session for a deviceapplication between multiple communication networks. The connectionmanager may be a service that is provided by an Evolved Packet DataGateway (ePDG) function of the user device. The prioritizedcommunication session may be a voice communication session or a datacommunication session of a prioritized over-the-top (OTT) application.The OTT application is an application that is used to access content orservice provided by a third-party service provider that is transportedto the user device over a communication network operated by acommunication carrier. For example, the OTT application may be anasynchronous texting application, a media streaming application, a videosharing application, a control application that controls the functionsof remote devices, or a control application that enables a remotecontroller to control one or more functions of the user device. Thereal-time seamless switching (handover) of the OTT communication sessionmay enable the session to be transferred from as first type of network(e.g., LTE) to a second type of network (e.g., WLAN) without terminatingthe OTT communication session on the first network, and thenre-establishing the OTT communication session on the second network.Instead, the OTT communication session may remain active during thetransfer between the first communication network and the secondcommunication network to provide continuous communication to the deviceapplication. In some embodiments, the first network and the secondnetwork may be of different types, i.e., the first network and thesecond network may have different network and transport infrastructures.For example, the first network may be a LTE network, while the secondnetwork may be a Wi-Fi network or a satellite-based Broadband GlobalArea network (BGAN), or vice versa. In contrast, a conventionalconnection manager on a user device may be configured to providereal-time seamless switching exclusively to carrier communicationservice applications. The carrier communication service applications maybe limited to a voice calling application, a video calling application,or a Rich Communication Services (RCS) text messaging application, orother applications that are provided for use by a wireless carrier thatoperates a wireless carrier network.

The connection manager as implemented using the current techniques maybe configured to detect the presence of a specific APN parameter, alsoreferred to as an APN flag, that is associated with an OTT applicationof the user device. In various embodiments, the OTT application is anon-carrier communication services application. The specific APNparameter may designate a particular dedicated continuous communicationaccess point name (APN) or a shared continuous communication APN.Accordingly, the specific APN parameter may trigger the connectionmanager to assign the corresponding dedicated continuous communicationAPN or shared continuous communication APN to the OTT application. Thededicated continuous communication APN may be used to designate anexclusive combination of communication channels across multiplecommunication networks for the sole use of the OTT application, in orderto provide continuous communication to the device application. Eachcommunication channel may be in the form of an APN bearer or an APNtunnel. In contrast, the shared continuous communication APN may enablethe OTT application to route its communications through a combination ofshared communication channels across multiple communication networks.The combination of shared communication channels may be a set ofcommunication channels on multiple communication networks that arecommonly used by multiple device applications. The combination of sharedcommunication channels may be used by multiple OTT applications toconduct continuous communication sessions without terminating andre-establishing communication sessions.

In alternative embodiments, the specific APN parameter of the OTTapplication may indicate a priority level rather than designate aparticular continuous communication APN. In such embodiments, theconnection manager may use an APN assignment table to determine a sharedcontinuous communication APN that corresponds to the priority levelindicated by the APN parameter. Subsequently, the connection manager mayassign the shared continuous communication APN to the OTT application.Once again, the shared continuous communication APN may enable thedevice application to route its communications through a combination ofshared communication channels across multiple communication networks.

In contrast, an OTT application that lacks the APN parameter, or an OTTapplication having a APN parameter with a predetermined value (e.g., anull value) may cause the connection manager to assign a non-continuousAPN to the device application. The non-continuous APN may be used by thewireless telecommunication carrier to route a communication session ofthe OTT application through an APN bearer while the user device is usinga first network. However, the APN bearer for the communication sessionmay be terminated when the user device switches to a second network,which also results in the termination of the communication session.Accordingly, the user device is forced to establish a new communicationsession that uses a communication connection created on the secondnetwork. In some instances, the termination of the communication sessionand the establishment of the new communication session may cause OTTapplication communication to be disrupted as voice or information datapackets are lost or misdirected during the transition between networks.Moreover, even if the termination of the communication session and theestablishment of the new communication session does not cause datapacket loss or misdirection, the termination and establishment may takesome time to accomplishment. Further, additional time may be consumed inorder to establish a communication bearer or a communication connectionthat carries the new communication session. Such elapse of time mayresult in the loss of communication continuity that may be vital forperforming certain operations.

The techniques may enable the connection manager on a user device toperform real-time seamless switching of a communication session for anOTT application between multiple communication networks. The OTTapplication may be any non-carrier communication services applicationthat is configured with a APN parameter recognizable by the connectionmanager. The real-time seamless switch may enable the OTT application toperform continuous communication with network-based application hosts orcommunication services during network handovers without experiencingcommunication traffic disruption in the form of interruptions or delays.In contrast, conventional techniques at best limit the ability toperform continuous communication to essential carrier communicationapplications on a user device, such as voice calling, video calling, orRich Communication Services (RCS) text messaging applications.

The ability for any prioritized OTT on a user device to take advantageof continuous communication during network handovers may ensure thatsuch OTT applications are able to seamlessly send and receivemission-critical data without interruption or delay using multiplecommunication networks. For example, in one implementation, a userdevice may be an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), also known as drone. TheUAV may be configured to communicate with a ground network operationcenter (NOC) via multiple communication networks, such as a primarycommunication network (e.g., LTE network) and a secondary communicationnetwork (e.g., satellite-based BGAN). In such an implementation, the OTTapplication may be a controller application of the UAV that relies thecontinuous communication to provide telemetry data to a ground networkoperation center (NOC) and receive control command data from the NOCwith minimal risk of catastrophic control failure due to communicationloss with a communication network.

In another implementation, a user device may be a remote surgery robotthat is used by a physician to perform telesurgery from a remotelocation. In such an implementation, the OTT application may be acontroller application of the remote surgery robot that provides sensorydata to a remote control interface and translates remote robot commandsinputted at the interface into movements of the surgical instruments onthe surgery robot. In such an implementation, continuous communicationduring network handovers (e.g. from a Wi-Fi network to a LTE network)may be critical in the event of service interruption or delay in one ofthe communication networks. In other implementations, additional OTTapplications that may benefit from the continuous communication duringnetwork handovers provided by the techniques may include OTTapplications that perform law enforcement video/audio surveillance andrecordings, device applications that provide data and voicecommunication for military and national security operations, and/or soforth. In some instances, the reduction in the termination ofcommunication sessions and the establishment of new communicationsessions may increase the operating efficiency of the multiplecommunication networks. The techniques described herein may beimplemented in a number of ways. Example implementations are providedbelow with reference to the following FIGS. 1-7.

Example Architecture

FIG. 1 illustrates an example network architecture for configuring auser device application on a user device for continuous communicationover multiple networks during a communication session. The architecture100 may include multiple communication networks. The multiplecommunication networks may include a wireless carrier network 102 and aremote network 106 that provide voice and data communication services tomultiple user devices, such as the user device 104. The user device 104may be a feature phone, a smartphone, a tablet computer, a phablet, anembedded computer system, a UAV, a robot, a multimedia recording system,or any other device that is capable of using the wireless communicationservices that are provided by multiple types of communication networks.The wireless carrier network 102 may provide telecommunication and datacommunication in accordance with one or more technical standards, suchas Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Wideband Code DivisionMultiple Access (W-CDMA), High Speed Packed Access (HSPA), Long TermEvolution (LTE), CDMA-2000 (Code Division Multiple Access 2000), and/orso forth.

The wireless carrier network 102 may include a radio access network 108and a core network 110. The radio access network may include multiplebase stations. The multiple base stations are responsible for handlingvoice and data traffic between multiple user devices, such as the userdevice 104, and the core network 110. Accordingly, each of the basestations may provide a corresponding network cell that deliverstelecommunication and data communication coverage. The core network 110may use the network cells to provide communication services to themultiple user devices. For example, the core network 110 may connect themultiple user devices to other telecommunication and data communicationnetworks, such as the Internet and the public switched telephone network(PSTN). The base stations are responsible handling voice and datatraffic between user devices and the core network 110. In someembodiments, the base stations may be in the form of eNodeB nodes. EacheNodeB node may include a base transceiver system (BTS) thatcommunicates via an antennae system over an air-link with one or moreuser devices that are within range. The antenna system of an eNodeB nodemay include multiple antennae that are mounted on a radio tower toprovide a coverage area that is referred to as a “cell.” The BTS maysend RF signals to user devices and receive radio signals from userdevices.

In various embodiments, the core network 110 may include one or morecomputing devices that implement network components. The networkcomponents may include a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) that routesvoice calls to and from the PSTN, and a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)that handles the routing of data communication between external packetswitched networks and the core network 110. The core network 110 mayfurther include a policy engine, a billing function, and a gateway 112.The policy engine may be a software component that determines policy andenforces policy rules, and serves to establish calls and allocatebandwidth to call bearers. In various embodiments, the policy engine maybe a Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) or another equivalentcore network component of the wireless carrier network 102. Accordingly,the policy engine may interface with the AF to handle incoming andoutgoing VoLTE and Video over LTE (ViLTE) calls. The billing functionmay enable the wireless carrier network 102 to monitor the services,such as data, voice, text, etc., that are used by each subscriber, andcharge the subscribers in real-time based on service usage. In variousembodiments, the billing function may be an Online Charging System (OCS)or another equivalent core network component of the wireless carriernetwork 102.

The gateway 112 may include one or more servers and related componentsthat are tasked with providing connectivity between an IP MultimediaSubsystem (IMS) core 114 and the user devices (e.g., the user device104) by acting as a point of entry and exit for data traffic. In turn,the IMS core 114 may provide the user devices with data access toexternal packet data networks, such as the networks of other wirelesstelecommunication providers. Accordingly, the gateway 112 may performfunctions such as policy enforcement, packet filtering, packetscreening, and/or charging support. In various embodiments, the gateway112 may be an Evolved Packet Data Network Gateway (ePDG) of a LTEnetwork or another equivalent core network component of the wirelesscarrier network 102.

The IMS core 114 may include an application function (AF). In variousembodiments, the AF may be a Proxy Call Session Control Function(P-CSCF) or an equivalent function. In instances in which the AF is theP-CSCF, the P-CSCF may route incoming SIP messages to an IMS registrarserver. The P-CSCF may also safeguard the security of the IMS core 114by handling Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) for communications thatare exchanged by the user devices. In some alternative instances,instead of SIP sessions, the P-CSCF may handle Remote AuthenticationDial-In User Service (RADIUS) sessions. The P-CSCF may interact with anInterrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) and a Serving CSCF (S-CSCF). The S-CSCF maycommunicate with a telephony application server (TAS) that resides inthe core network 110. The TAS may route voice and/or data communicationswithin the wireless carrier network 102 and with other networks,including public switch telephone networks (PSTNs). For example, the TASmay be a SIP application server that handles IP telephony for voice overLTE (VoLTE) services. Collectively, the CSCFs may handle SessionInitiation Protocol (SIP) sessions, which are communication sessions forpacket-based voice and video calls, instant messaging over IP networks,and/or so forth. The IMS core 114 may also route packet data traffic tobackend servers 116. The backend servers 116 may include servers thatare operated by the wireless carrier network 102 to distribute contentand provide services. The content may include customer alerts, customeroffers, customer incentives, and/or so forth. The services may includemessaging services, customer support services, location-based services,mobile commerce services, and/or so forth. In other embodiments, thebackend servers 116 may be third-party communication services servers ofcontent service providers that distribute over-the-top (OTT) content orservice, such as audio, video, control data, or other media content orservice via the wireless carrier network 102. In contrast, the remotenetwork 106 may be any network that is not promulgate based on the3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications. Forexample, the remote network 106 may be a Wi-Fi network, asatellite-based Broadband Global Area network (BGAN), or anothernon-3GPP network.

The user device 104 may include an application layer 118 and a chipset120. The application layer 118 is an abstraction layer that containsdevice applications and application protocols for data and voicecommunication. In various embodiments, the applications that are hostedin the application layer 118 may include multiple carrier communicationservice applications. The carrier communication service applications mayinclude a Rich Communication Service (RCS) application 122, a videocalling application 124, a Wi-Fi calling application 126, a Voice overLTE (VoLTE) application 128. In addition to providing Short MessageService (SMS), the RCS application 122 may provide advanced messagingservices, such as Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and the sharing ofdevice locations. Additionally, the RCS application 122 may provideother features such as attachment of large multimedia files,notification that the other party is typing a message, message deliverynotification, and/or so forth. The video calling application 124 mayprovide packet data-based video telephony that enables voice and videotelecommunication over the wireless carrier network 102. The Wi-Ficalling application 126 may provide Voice over wireless LAN (VoWLAN) byusing an available wireless broadband network implemented according toIEEE 802.11 standards to carry voice and/or video communication. TheVoLTE application 128 may use the IMS core 114 of the wireless carriernetwork 102 to provide Internet Protocol (IP) data packet-based voicecommunication services to the user device.

The application layer 118 may further include multiple OTT applicationsthat perform different functions. The multiple OTT applications mayinclude conventional OTT applications (e.g., conventional OTTapplication 130) and prioritized OTT applications (e.g., prioritized OTTapplication 132). The conventional OTT applications may be applicationsthat provide non-essential streaming of content, such as a musicstreaming application that downloads and plays music, or a video sharingapplication that enables a user to download and upload multimedia filesfor sharing online. The prioritized OTT applications may be applicationsthat provide essential data communication services that are critical tothe operation of the user device 104, and/or affect the health andsafety of persons that are operating or impacted by the user device 104.For example, the prioritized OTT application may be a multimediasurveillance application that streams law enforcement surveillancefootage to a network operation center (NOC) of a police department. Inanother example, the user device 104 may be a UAV, and the prioritizedOTT application may be a control application that provides real-timeflight telemetry information to a ground control device, and receivesflight control commands from the ground control device. However, in someembodiments, the prioritized OTT application may be any OTT applicationthat is assigned a high priority than conventional OTT applications bythe operator of the wireless carrier network 102.

The chipset 120 may include hardware components that enable the userdevice 104 to communicate with multiple communication networks, such asthe wireless carrier network 102 and a remote network 106. For example,the hardware components may include a processor, a modem, a transceiver,an antenna, and/or so forth. In this way, the user device 104 maytransmit data to the multiple communication networks and receive databack from the multiple communication network. The chipset 120 mayfurther software components that encodes and routes data to the multiplecommunication network via the hardware components. In variousembodiments, the software components may include an IMS stack 134 and anePDG function 136.

The IMS stack 134 may provide a selection of interfaces that theapplications in the application layer 118 may use to access various IMSservices that are provided by the IMS core 114 of the wireless carriernetwork 102. For example, the IMS services may include communicationsession services, messaging services, session management services,and/or so forth. The ePDG function 136 may coordinate with the ePDG 138to secure and transmit data when the user device 104 is connected to thecore network 110 of the wireless carrier network 102 via the remotenetwork 106. In various embodiments, the ePDG 138 may act as atermination node for the APN tunnels (e.g., Internet Protocol Security(IPSec)) tunnels or other communication connections that are establishedbetween the user device 104 and the wireless carrier network 102. Invarious embodiments, the ePDG function 136 may provide a connectionmanager 140. The connection manager 140 may perform real-time seamlessswitching of a communication session for a prioritized OTT applicationof the user device 104 between the multiple communication networks.

In one implementation, the user device 104 may access the core network110 of the wireless carrier network 102 via the radio access network108. In such a scenario, the IMS stack 134 may route a communicationsession of a carrier communication service application, such as the RCSapplication 122, to the gateway 112 through the core network 110 via apriority APN bearer 142 (as shown by route “A”). The communicationsession may be a voice communication session or a data communicationsession. The priority APN bearer 142 may be an IMS bearer or adesignated carrier communication services bearer that is inaccessible toOTT applications.

However, upon the user device 104 switching from using the radio accessnetwork 108 to using the remote network 106, the IMS stack 134 maycommand the connection manager 140 of the ePDG function 136 toseamlessly route the communication session of the carrier communicationservice application to the ePDG 138 via a priority APN tunnel 144 (asshown by route “B”). The priority APN tunnel 144 is a communicationtunnel that is established between the remote network 106 and the ePDG138. The priority APN tunnel 144 may be a communication tunnel that isreserved by the ePDG 138 for the carrier communication serviceapplications 122-128. In some instances, the priority APN tunnel 144 maybe carried over the Internet 146 on its way to the ePDG 138. In turn,the ePDG 138 is capable of routing packet data traffic to and from thegateway 112. Accordingly, the real-time seamless switch may enable thecarrier communication service application to perform continuouscommunication with network-based service or content hosts during networkhandovers without experiencing communication traffic interruption ordelay. The network-based service or content hosts may include backendservers 116 and cloud servers 150. The seamless switching carried outfor a communication session of a carrier communication serviceapplication may also be carried out in reverse, i.e., from the remotenetwork 106 to the radio access network 108. In such a scenario, acommunication session may be initially carried by the priority APNtunnel 144 and then by the priority APN bearer 142.

In such an implementation, the chipset 120 is not capable of seamlesslyswitching communication sessions of the conventional OTT application 130when the user device 104 switches its communication session from theradio access network 108 to the remote network 106. This is because theconventional OTT applications 130 lacks an APN parameter that ispossessed by a prioritized OTT application, such as the prioritized OTTapplication 132. For example, the communication session of theconventional OTT application 130 may be initially routed to the gateway112 via an OTT APN bearer 148 (as shown by route “C”) when the userdevice 104 is connected to the radio access network 108. However, whenthe user device 104 switches to the remote network 106, the connectionmanager 140 of the ePDG function 136 terminates the communicationsession of the conventional OTT application 130. Subsequently, theconnection manager 140 may create a new communication connection on theremote network 106, and then establish a new communication session forthe conventional OTT application 130 that uses the new communicationconnection to directly access the ePDG 138. The ePDG 138 may then routethe communication session to the gateway 112.

The new communication session may enable the conventional OTTapplication 130 to communicate with the backend servers 116 (as shown byroute “D”) to obtain service or content from the backend servers 116.Alternatively, the connection manager 140 may establish a newcommunication session for the OTT application 130 that directly accessescloud servers 150 (as shown by route “E”) to enable the conventional OTTapplication 130 to obtain service or content from the cloud servers 150.However, the termination of the communication session and theestablishment of the new communication session may cause communicationof the user device 104 to be disrupted (e.g., interrupted or delayed) asvoice or information data packets are lost and/or misdirected during thetransition between networks. The termination of a communication sessionand the establishment of a new communication session that disruptscommunication of the user device 104 also holds true for when the userdevice 104 switches from the remote network 106 to the radio accessnetwork 108. In such an instance, the connection manager 140 may worktogether with the IMS stack 134 to terminate and establish thecommunication sessions.

In contrast, the connection manager 140 of the ePDG function 136 mayprovide seamless switching of a communication session between multiplenetworks for a prioritized OTT application, such as the prioritized OTTapplication 132. The seamless switching of the communication session maybe executed by the connection manager 140 through the use of acontinuous link APN tunnel that is implemented on the remote network106. In various embodiments, the prioritized OTT application 132 may beassigned a APN parameter, also referred to as an APN flag. The APNparameter may designate a continuous communication APN for use by theprioritized OTT application 132. The APN parameter may be in the form ofmetadata that the prioritized OTT application 132 is configured topresent to the connection manager 140 of the ePDG function 138 as a partof a communication session request.

Alternatively, the APN parameter may be stored in an APN parameterlookup table that is accessible to the connection manager 140, in whichthe lookup table stores a APN parameter for each of one or moreprioritized OTT applications. Accordingly, the connection manager 140may check the APN parameter lookup table to determine whether a APNparameter exists for an OTT application upon receiving a communicationsession request from the OTT application.

Thus, in such a scenario, the prioritized OTT application 132 mayrequest a communication session with the IMS core 114 while the userdevice 104 is using the radio access network 108. Upon receive thecommunication session request, the connection manager 140 may determinewhether the APN parameter indicates that communication session of theprioritized OTT application 132 is to be routed through a continuouscommunication APN. Accordingly, if the APN parameter indicates routingthrough a continuous communication APN, the connection manager 140 mayroute the communication session of the prioritized OTT application 132to the gateway 112 via the continuous link APN bearer 152 (as shown byroute “F”). As shown in FIG. 1, the continuous link APN bearer 152 isused in lieu the OTT APN bearer 148 that is used for routingcommunication sessions of conventional OTT applications.

Upon the user device 104 switching from using the radio access network108 to using the remote network 106, the connection manager 140 of theePDG function 136 may seamlessly route the communication session of theprioritized OTT application 132 to the ePDG 138 via a continuous linkAPN tunnel 154 (as shown by route “G”). The continuous link APN tunnel154 is a communication tunnel that is established between the remotenetwork 106 and the ePDG 138. The continuous link APN tunnel may bereserved for routing the communication traffic of the prioritized OTTapplication 132, or reserved for routing the communication traffic ofmultiple types of prioritized OTT applications that include theprioritized OTT application 132. In some instances, the continuous linkAPN tunnel 154 may be carried over the Internet 146. The communicationsession of the prioritized OTT application 132 is then routed by theePDG 138 to the gateway 112. In this way, the communication session ofthe prioritized OTT application 132 may be seamlessly switched from theradio access network 108 to the remote network 106 without experiencingcommunication traffic interruption or delay.

However, while the user device 104 is on the radio access network 108,if the APN parameter contains a predetermined value that designates anon-continuous APN, the connection manager 140 may take a differentaction. Specifically, the connection manager 140 may route thecommunication session through the OTT APN bearer 148 that is associatedwith the non-continuous APN. For example, the predetermined value may bethe APN of the OTT APN bearer 148 or a null value. Subsequently, whenthe user device 104 switches to the remote network 106, the connectionmanager 140 may terminate the communication session that is on the radioaccess network 108. Afterwards, the connection manager 140 may establisha new communication session over a communication connection between theremote network 106 and the ePDG 138 to replace the terminatedcommunication session. In various embodiments, the communicationconnection between the remote network 106 and ePDG 138 may beestablished without the use of an APN, i.e., the communicationconnection may be a non-APN routed connection. For example, thecommunication connection may be a Transmission Control Protocol/InternetProtocol session (TCP/IP) a connection, a File Transfer Protocol (FTP)connection, a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) connection, a secureHTTP (HTTPS) connection, and/or so forth.

Returning to the instance in which the APN parameter indicates routingthrough a continuous link APN bearer, the seamless switching may becarried out by the connection manager 140 for the communication sessionof the prioritized OTT application 132 in reverse, i.e., from the remotenetwork 106 to the radio access network 108. In such an instance, theprioritized OTT application 132 may request a communication session withthe IMS core 114 while the user device 104 is using the remote network106. Upon receive the initiation request, the connection manager 140 mayroute the communication session of the prioritized OTT application 132to the ePDG 138 or the cloud servers 150 via a communication connectionestablished over the remote network 106.

Upon the user device 104 switching from using the remote network 106 tousing the radio access network 108, the connection manager 140 of theePDG function 136 may determine whether the APN parameter indicates thatcommunication session of the prioritized OTT application 132 is to berouted through a continuous link APN bearer. Accordingly, if the APNparameter indicates such a case, the connection manager 140 of the ePDGfunction 136 may seamlessly route the communication session of thecarrier communication service application to the gateway 112 via thecontinuous link APN bearer 152 (as shown by route “F”). In this way, thecommunication session of the prioritized OTT application 132 may beseamlessly switched from the radio access network 108 to the remotenetwork 106 without experiencing communication traffic interruption ordelay, in part by bypassing the use of the OTT APN bearer 148 and theneed to establish a new communication connection on the remote network106.

However, if the APN parameter contains a predetermined value thatdesignates the communication session is to be routed through the OTT APNbearer 148 (e.g., a null value), the connection manager 140 may routethe communication session through a communication connection over theremote network 106 while the user device 104 is on the remote network106. In various embodiments, the communication connection between theremote network 106 and the ePDG 138 may be established without the useof an APN, i.e., the communication connection may be a non-APN routedconnection. When the user device 104 switches to the remote network, theconnection manager 140 may terminate the communication session.Subsequently, the connection manager 140 may establish a newcommunication session over the OTT APN bearer 148 to replace theterminated communication session. The new communication session may beused to continue the same voice or data communication for theprioritized OTT application 132 as the terminated communication session.

In various embodiments, the combination of the continuous link APNbearer 152 and the continuous link APN tunnel 154 that is used by theprioritized OTT application 132 may be a dedicated combination or ashared combination. If the combination is a dedicated combination, thenthe continuous link APN bearer 152 and the continuous link APN tunnel154 are configured for the exclusive use of the prioritized OTTapplication 132, or multiple copies of the prioritized OTT application132 on a plurality of user devices. On other hand, if the combination isa shared combination, then the continuous link APN bearer 152 and thecontinuous link APN tunnel 154 are configured for use by multipleprioritized OTT applications of various types that are on one or moreuser devices, in which the multiple prioritized OTT applications mayperform different functions.

Furthermore, the seamless communication session switching capability forprioritized OTT applications is illustrated in FIG. 1 with respect tocombination of the continuous link APN bearer 152 and the continuouslink APN tunnel 154 as used by the prioritized OTT application 132.However, is nevertheless appreciated that the wireless carrier network102 may include multiple continuous link APN bearers/continuous link APNtunnel combinations of dedicated and/or shared types that function in asimilar manner. In some instances, the charging system on the corenetwork 110 of the wireless carrier network 102 may charge a user of theuser device 104 different billing schemes depending on whether thecommunication traffic of the user device 104 is routed through anon-continuous communication APN or a continuous communication APN. Inthis way, the wireless carrier network 102 may charge a higher fee forproviding continuous communication made possible by seamless switchingfor a prioritized OTT application, and a lower fee for providingconventional communication for a conventional OTT application.

In alternative embodiments, the specific APN parameter of theprioritized OTT application 132 may indicate a priority level ratherthan designate a particular continuous communication APN. For example,the priority level may be an escalated priority level or a standardpriority level. In such embodiments, the connection manager 140 may usean APN assignment table to determine whether the priority level warrantsrouting a communication session of the prioritized OTT applicationseamlessly through a combination of the shared continuous link APNbearer 152 and the shared continuous link APN tunnel 154, or routingthrough a combination of the OTT APN bearer 148 and a communicationconnection on the remote network 106. For example, an escalated prioritylevel may cause the connection manager 140 to route the communicationsession through a combination of a continuous link APN bearer and acontinuous link APN tunnel. In contrast, a standard priority may causethe connection manager 140 to route the communication session through acombination of an OTT APN bearer 148 on the radio access network 108 andan ad-hoc communication connection on the remote network 206.

In various embodiments, the APN assignment table may be generated orupdated by an APN assignment function that executes on a server of thecore network 110. Accordingly, the APN assignment function may beresponsible for providing the APN assignment table or an update to thetable to the user device 104. In turn, the connection manager 140 maystore the APN assignment table or the update to the table in a memory ofthe user device 104 for subsequent use. Further, in some instances, thepriority APN bearers 142 and 144, the continuous link APN bearer 152,and the continuous link APN tunnel 154 may be guaranteed to be bothinstantiated (i.e., does not have to be established thereby causingdelays) and available (i.e., is monitored to ensure there is sufficientbandwidth) by the wireless carrier 102 and/or the remote network 106.While the functionalities of the connection manager 140 has beenillustrated in FIG. 1, additional details regarding the operations ofthe connection manager 140 are further provided in FIGS. 3-7.

Example User Device Components

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing various components of a use devicethat is configured to enable a device application on the user device toperform continuous communication over multiple networks during acommunication session. The user device 104 may include a communicationinterface 202, one or more sensors 204, a user interface 206, one ormore processors 208, and memory 210. The communication interface 202 mayinclude wireless and/or wired communication components that enable theelectronic device to transmit or receive voice or data communication viathe wireless carrier network 102, as well as other telecommunicationand/or data communication networks. The sensors 204 may include aproximity sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, altimeter, cameras,and/or a global positioning system (GPS) sensor. The proximity sensormay detect movement of objects that are proximate the user device 104.The compass, the accelerometer, and the GPS sensor may detectorientation, movement, and geolocation of the user device 104. Ininstances in which the user device is a UAV, the sensors 204 may furtherinclude speed sensors, propulsion setting sensors, flight controlsurface settings sensors, a transponder interrogator, and/or otherflight vehicle sensors.

The user interface 206 may enable a user to provide inputs and receiveoutputs from the user device 104. The user interface 206 may include adata output device (e.g., visual display, audio speakers), and one ormore data input devices. The data input devices may include, but are notlimited to, combinations of one or more of keypads, keyboards, mousedevices, touch screens, microphones, speech recognition packages, andany other suitable devices or other electronic/software selectionmethods.

The memory 210 may be implemented using computer-readable media, such ascomputer storage media. Computer-readable media includes, at least, twotypes of computer-readable media, namely computer storage media andcommunications media. Computer storage media includes volatile andnon-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in anymethod or technology for storage of information such ascomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM,ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digitaloptical disks or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetictape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or anyother non-transmission medium that can be used to store information foraccess by a computing device. In contrast, communication media mayembody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules,or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave, orother transmission mechanism.

The user device 104 may also include communication transceivers 212 andother device hardware 214. The communication transceivers are hardwarecomponents that enable the user device 104 to perform telecommunicationand data communication with the multiple communications network, such asthe wireless carrier network 102 and the remote network 106. The devicehardware 214 may include other hardware that is typically located in amobile telecommunication device. For example, the device hardware 214may include signal converters, transceivers, antennas, hardware decodersand encoders, graphic processors, a SIM card slot, and/or the like thatenable the user device 104 to execute applications and providetelecommunication and data communication functions. The SIM 216 may bean integrated circuit chip that is inserted into the SIM card slot ofthe user device 104, or an embedded SIM that is hardwired into thecircuit board of the user device 104. In instances in which the userdevice is a UAV, the device hardware 214 may further include propulsionengines and flight control surfaces.

The one or more processors 208 and the memory 210 of the user device 104may implement an operating system 218, device software 220, one or moreapplications 222, and chipset software 224. The various software andapplications may include routines, program instructions, objects, and/ordata structures that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. The operating system 218 may include componentsthat enable the user device 104 to receive and transmit data via variousinterfaces (e.g., user controls, communication interface 202, and/ormemory input/output devices). The operating system 218 may also processdata using the one or more processors 208 to generate outputs based oninputs that are received via the user interface 206. For example, theoperating system 218 may provide an execution environment for theexecution of the applications 222. The operating system 218 may includea presentation component that presents the output (e.g., display thedata on an electronic display, store the data in memory, transmit thedata to another electronic device, etc.).

The operating system 218 may include an interface layer that enablesapplications to interface with the communication transceivers 212 and/orthe communication interface 202. The interface layer may comprise publicAPIs, private APIs, or a combination of both public APIs and privateAPIs. Additionally, the operating system 218 may include othercomponents that perform various other functions generally associatedwith an operating system. The device software 220 may include softwarecomponents that enable the user device to perform functions. Forexample, the device software 220 may include basic input/output system(BIOS), Boot ROM, or a bootloader that boots up the user device 104 andexecutes the operating system 218 following power up of the device.

The applications 222 may include applications that provide utility,entertainment, and/or productivity functionalities to a user of the userdevice 104. For example, the applications 222 may include the RCSapplication 122, the video calling application 124, the Wi-Fi callingapplication 126, the VoLTE application 128, and the OTT applications 130and 132. The applications 222 may further include electronic mailapplications, remote desktop applications, web browser applications,navigation applications, office productivity applications, multimediastreaming applications, and/or so forth. In instances in which the userdevice 104 is a UAV, the prioritized OTT application 132 may be anapplication that obtain flight telemetry information from the sensors204, provides the telemetry information to a ground control device, andreceiving flight control commands from the ground control device. Thechipset software 224 may include applications that implement the IMSstack 134 and the ePDG function 136, as well as other applications thatencodes and routes data to the multiple communication network via thehardware components of the chipset 120.

Example Processes

FIGS. 3-7 present illustrative processes 300-700 for providingcontinuous communication over multiple networks during a communicationsession to a prioritized OTT application on a user device. Each of theprocesses 300-700 is illustrated as a collection of blocks in a logicalflow chart, which represents a sequence of operations that can beimplemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In thecontext of software, the blocks represent computer-executableinstructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform therecited operations. Generally, computer-executable instructions mayinclude routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, andthe like that perform particular functions or implement particularabstract data types. The order in which the operations are described isnot intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of thedescribed blocks can be combined in any order and/or in mirror toimplement the process. For discussion purposes, the processes 300-700are described with reference to the architecture 100 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an example process 300 for selectivelyrouting a communication session of a prioritized OTT application basedon a communication route combination indicated by an APN parameter ofthe prioritized OTT application. At block 302, the connection manager140 may receive a request from the prioritized OTT application 132 of auser device 104 to establish a communication session with the IMS core114 of the wireless carrier network 102. The connection manager 140 maybe implemented by a ePDG function 136 of the user device 104. In variousembodiments, the user device 104 may be using a radio access network 108of the wireless carrier network 102.

At block 304, the connection manager 140 may determine a type of APNdesignated by a APN parameter of the prioritized OTT application 132that sent the request for the communication session. In variousembodiments, the APN parameter may be in the form of metadata that theprioritized OTT application 132 is configured to present to theconnection manager 140 as a part of a communication session request.Alternatively, the APN parameter may be stored in an APN parameterlookup table. Accordingly, the connection manager 140 may check thetable to determine a APN parameter for the prioritized OTT application132 upon receiving a communication session request from the prioritizedOTT application 132.

At decision block 306, if the connection manager 140 determines that theAPN parameter of the prioritized OTT application 132 designates adedicated continuous link APN bearer, the process 300 may proceed toblock 308. At block 308, the connection manager 140 may route thecommunication traffic of the prioritized OTT application via acommunication session that seamlessly switches between a dedicatedcontinuous link APN bearer of the radio access network 108 and adedicated continuous link APN tunnel of the remote network 106. Invarious embodiments, dedicated may denote the fact that the APN beareron the radio access network 108 and the APN tunnel on the remote network106 are configured to exclusively route the communication traffic of theprioritized OTT application 132.

However, if at decision block 306 the connection manager 140 determinesthat the APN parameter of the prioritized OTT application 132 designatesa shared continuous link APN bearer, the process 300 may proceed toblock 310. At block 310, the connection manager 140 may route thecommunication traffic of the prioritized OTT application via acommunication session that seamlessly switches between a sharedcontinuous link APN bearer of the radio access network 108 and a sharedcontinuous link APN tunnel of the remote network 106. In variousembodiments, shared may denote the fact that the APN bearer on the radioaccess network 108 and the APN tunnel on the remote network 106 areconfigured to route the communication traffic of multiple prioritizedOTT applications, in which the multiple prioritized OTT applications maybe of different types.

Returning to decision block 306, if the connection manager 140determines that the APN parameter of the prioritized OTT application 132designates an OTT APN, the process 300 may proceed to block 312. Atblock 312, the connection manager 140 may route the communicationtraffic of the prioritized OTT application via a communication sessionon an OTT APN bearer (e.g., OTT APN bearer 148) of the radio accessnetwork 108 and another communication session on a communicationconnection established on the remote network 106. In variousembodiments, the termination and re-establishment of the communicationsessions may cause the communication traffic to be disrupted as voice orinformation data packets are lost or misdirected during the transitionbetween networks.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an example process 400 for selectivelyrouting a communication session of a prioritized OTT application basedon an application priority level indicated by an APN parameter of theprioritized OTT application. At block 402, the connection manager 140may receive a request from the prioritized OTT application 132 of a userdevice 104 to establish a communication session with the IMS core 114 ofthe wireless carrier network 102. The connection manager 140 may beimplemented by a ePDG function 136 of the user device 104. In variousembodiments, the user device 104 may be using a radio access network 108of the wireless carrier network 102.

At block 404, the connection manager 140 may determine an applicationpriority level designated by a APN parameter of the prioritized OTTapplication 132 that sent the request for the communication session. Invarious embodiments, the APN parameter may be in the form of metadatathat the prioritized OTT application 132 is configured to present to theconnection manager 140 as a part of a communication session request.Alternatively, the APN parameter may be stored in an APN parameterlookup table. Accordingly, the connection manager 140 may check thetable to determine a APN parameter for the prioritized OTT application132 upon receiving a communication session request from the prioritizedOTT application 132.

At decision block 406, if the connection manager 140 determines that thepriority level is an escalated priority level, the process 400 mayproceed to block 408. At block 408, the connection manager 140 may routethe communication traffic of the prioritized OTT application via acommunication session that seamlessly switches between a sharedcontinuous link APN bearer of the radio access network 108 and a sharedcontinuous link APN tunnel of the remote network 106. In variousembodiments, shared may denote the fact that the APN bearer on the radioaccess network 108 and the APN tunnel on the remote network 106 areconfigured to route the communication traffic of multiple prioritizedOTT applications, in which the multiple prioritized OTT applications maybe of different types.

Returning to decision block 406, if the connection manager 140determines that the priority level is a standard priority, the process400 may proceed to block 410. At block 410, the connection manager 140may route the communication traffic of the prioritized OTT applicationvia a communication session on an OTT APN bearer (e.g., OTT APN bearer148) of the radio access network 108 and another communication sessionon a communication connection established over the remote network 106.In various embodiments, the termination and re-establishment of thecommunication sessions may cause the communication traffic to bedisrupted as voice or information data packets are lost or misdirectedduring the transition between networks.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an example process 500 for transitioning acommunication session of a prioritized OTT application from a reservedcontinuous link APN bearer to a reserved continuous link APN tunnel whena user device switches from using a radio access network of a wirelesscarrier network to using a remote network. At block 502, the connectionmanager 140 may direct the IMS stack 134 to establish a communicationsession for the prioritized OTT application 132 of a user device 104 toreach a network resource while the user device is on the radio accessnetwork 108 of the wireless carrier network 102. In various embodiments,the network resource may be a service provided by a network serviceprovider or content provided by a content provider. For example, thenetwork resource may be provided by the backend servers 116 or the cloudservers 150.

At block 504, the IMS stack 134 may route the communication sessionthrough a reserved continuous link APN bearer between the radio accessnetwork 108 and the IMS core 114 of the wireless carrier network 102. Invarious embodiments, the reserved continuous link APN bearer may be adedicated continuous link APN bearer that is configured to exclusivelyroute the communication traffic of the prioritized OTT application 132,or a shared continuous link APN bearer that is configured to route thecommunication traffic of multiple prioritized OTT applications.

At block 506, the connection manager 140 may receive an indication thatthe user device 104 switched to using the remote network 106 thatconnects to the ePDG 138 of the wireless carrier network 102. The remotenetwork 106 may be a Wi-Fi network, a satellite-based Broadband GlobalArea network (BGAN), or another non-3GPP network. In variousembodiments, the connection manager 140 may receive the indication fromthe ePDG function 136 of the chipset 120.

At block 508, the connection manager 140 may route the communicationsession through a reserved continuous link APN tunnel between the remotenetwork 106 and the ePDG 138 of the wireless carrier network 102. Invarious embodiments, the reserved continuous link APN tunnel may be adedicated continuous link APN tunnel that is configured to exclusivelyroute the communication traffic of the prioritized OTT application 132,or a shared continuous link APN tunnel that is configured to route thecommunication traffic of multiple prioritized OTT applications.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an example process 600 for transitioning acommunication session of a prioritized OTT application from a reservedcontinuous link APN tunnel to a reserved continuous link APN bearer whena user device switches from using remote network to using a radio accessnetwork of a wireless carrier network. At block 602, the connectionmanager 140 may direct the ePDG function 136 to establish acommunication session for the prioritized OTT application 132 of a userdevice 104 to reach a network resource while the user device is on theremote network 106. The remote network 106 may be connected to an ePDG138 of the wireless carrier network 102. The remote network 106 may be aWi-Fi network, a satellite-based Broadband Global Area network (BGAN),or another non-3GPP network. In various embodiments, the networkresource may be a service provided by a network service provider orcontent provided by a content provider. For example, the networkresource may be provided by the backend servers 116 or the cloud servers150.

At block 604, the connection manager 140 may route the communicationsession through a reserved continuous link APN tunnel between the remotenetwork 106 and the ePDG 138 of the wireless carrier network 102. Invarious embodiments, the reserved continuous link APN tunnel may be adedicated continuous link APN tunnel that is configured to exclusivelyroute the communication traffic of the prioritized OTT application 132,or a shared continuous link APN tunnel that is configured to route thecommunication traffic of multiple prioritized OTT applications.

At block 606, the connection manager 140 may receive an indication thatthe user device 104 switched to using the radio access network 108 ofthe wireless carrier network 102. In various embodiments, the connectionmanager 140 may receive the indication from the ePDG function 136 of thechipset 120.

At block 608, the connection manager 140 may direct the IMS stack 134 toroute the communication session through a reserved continuous link APNbearer between the radio access network 108 and the IMS core 114 of thewireless carrier network 102. In various embodiments, the reservedcontinuous link APN bearer may be a dedicated continuous link APN bearerthat is configured to exclusively route the communication traffic of theprioritized OTT application 132, or a shared continuous link APN bearerthat is configured to route the communication traffic of multipleprioritized OTT applications.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example process 700 for applying abilling scheme to communication traffic of a user device based on theassociation of the communication with a continuous communication APN ora non-continuous APN. At block 702, a billing function of the wirelesscarrier network 102 may monitor routing of communication traffic of anOTT application to an IMS core of a wireless carrier network. In variousembodiments, the OTT application may be a conventional OTT application(e.g., conventional OTT application 130) or a prioritized OTTapplication (e.g., prioritized OTT application 132).

At block 704, the billing function determine a type of the APN that isused to route the communication traffic. In various embodiments, the APNmay be an OTT communication APN, a dedicated continuous communicationAPN, or a shared continuous communication APN. The OTT communication APNmay provide the routing of the communication traffic via a communicationsession that uses the OTT APN bearer 148 of the radio access network 108and another communication session on a communication connectionestablished on the remote network 106.

The dedicated continuous communication APN may provide the routingcommunication traffic via a communication session that seamlesslyswitches between dedicated continuous communication channels. Thededicated continuous communication channels may include a dedicatedcontinuous link APN bearer of the radio access network 108 and adedicated continuous link APN tunnel of the remote network 106. On theother hand, the shared continuous communication APN may provide therouting of the communication traffic via a communication session thatseamlessly switches between shared continuous communication channels.The shared continuous communication channels may include a sharedcontinuous link APN bearer of the radio access network 108 and a sharedcontinuous link APN tunnel of the remote network 106.

Thus, at decision block 706, if the billing function determines that thecommunication traffic is routed using a shared continuous communicationAPN, the process 700 may proceed to block 708. At block 708, the billingfunction may apply a first billing scheme for routing of thecommunication traffic through one or more shared continuouscommunication channels. However, if the billing function determines thatthe communication traffic is routed using a dedicated continuouscommunication APN, the process 700 may proceed to block 710. At block710, the billing function may apply a second billing scheme for routingof the communication traffic through one or more dedicated continuouscommunication channels. Further, if the billing function determines thatthe communication traffic is routed using an OTT communication APN, theprocess 700 may proceed to block 712. At block 712, the billing functionmay apply a third billing scheme for routing of the communicationtraffic through the OTT APN bearer. The first billing scheme may chargea user of the user device more fees than the second billing scheme,while the second billing scheme may charge the user more fees than thethird billing scheme.

The ability for any prioritized OTT application on a user device to takeadvantage of continuous communication during network handovers mayensure that such OTT applications are able to seamlessly send andreceive mission-critical data without interruptions or delays usingmultiple communication networks.

CONCLUSION

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific tostructural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understoodthat the subject matter defined in the appended claims is notnecessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather,the specific features and acts are disclosed as exemplary forms ofimplementing the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. One or more non-transitory computer-readablemedia of a user device storing computer-executable instructions thatupon execution cause one or more processors to perform acts comprising:receiving a request from an over-the-top (OTT) application to establisha communication session with an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) core of awireless carrier network for routing communication traffic to the IMScore; determining an access point name (APN) designated by an APNparameter of the OTT application; in response to a determination thatthe APN parameter designates a continuous communication APN, routing thecommunication traffic via a first communication session that seamlesslyswitches between a continuous link APN bearer on a radio access networkof the wireless carrier network and a continuous link APN tunnel on aremote network that connects to an Evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) ofthe wireless carrier network without interrupting the communicationsession; and in response to a determination that the APN parameterdesignates a non-continuous communication APN, routing the communicationtraffic via at least one of a second communication session on an OTT APNbearer of the radio access network, or a third additional communicationsession on a communication connection established on the remote networkthat connects to the Evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) of the wirelesscarrier network, the communication connection being a non-APN routedconnection.
 2. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media ofclaim 1, wherein the routing the communication traffic via at least oneof the second communication session or the third communication sessionincludes terminating one communication session prior to establishinganother communication session, where the terminating and theestablishing creates interruptions or delays that disrupts the routingof the communication traffic for the OTT application, and whereinrouting the communication traffic via the first communication sessioneliminates the interruptions or the delays.
 3. The one or morenon-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the wirelesscarrier network is 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-basednetwork, and a remote network is a non-3GPP network.
 4. The one or morenon-transitory computer-readable media of claim 3, wherein the remotenetwork is a Wi-Fi network or a satellite-based Broadband Global Areanetwork (BGAN).
 5. The one or more non-transitory computer-readablemedia of claim 1, wherein the user device is an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), and the OTT application is a control application of the UAV thatprovides flight telemetry information to a ground control device, andreceives flight control commands from the ground control device.
 6. Theone or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, whereinthe OTT application is an application that provide data communicationservices that affect operation of the user device, or an applicationthat affect health and safety of a person that is operating or impactedby the user device.
 7. The one or more non-transitory computer-readablemedia of claim 1, wherein the continuous link APN bearer is a dedicatedAPN bearer and the continuous link APN tunnel is a dedicated APN tunnel,wherein each of the dedicated APN bearer and the dedicated APN tunnel isfor exclusively routing the communication sessions of the OTTapplication on the user device or multiple instances of the OTTapplication on multiple user devices.
 8. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the continuous link APNbearer is a shared APN bearer and the continuous link APN tunnel is ashared APN tunnel, wherein each of the shared APN bearer and the sharedAPN tunnel is for routing communication sessions of multiple OTTapplications that perform different functions.
 9. The one or morenon-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein thecontinuous link APN bearer on the radio access network of the wirelesscarrier network and the continuous link APN tunnel on the remote networkare guaranteed to be instantiated and available for routing the firstcommunication session.
 10. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the routing thecommunication traffic via the first communication session includes:establishing the first communication session for the OTT application toreach a network resource while the user device is on the radio accessnetwork of the wireless carrier network; routing the first communicationsession through the continuous link APN bearer between the radio accessnetwork and the IMS core of the wireless carrier network; receiving anindication that the user device switched to using the remote networkthat connects to the ePDG of the wireless carrier network; and routingthe first communication session through the continuous link APN tunnelbetween the remote network and the ePDG of the wireless carrier network.11. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1,wherein the routing the communication traffic via the firstcommunication session includes: establishing the first communicationsession for the OTT application to reach a network resource while theuser device is on the remote network that connects to the ePDG of thewireless carrier network; routing the first communication sessionthrough the continuous link APN tunnel between the remote network andthe ePDG of the wireless carrier network; receiving an indication thatthe user device switched to using the radio access network of thewireless carrier network; and routing the first communication sessionthrough the continuous link APN bearer between the radio access networkand the IMS core of the wireless carrier network.
 12. The one or morenon-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the actsfurther comprise: applying a billing scheme for the routing of thecommunication traffic through at least one of the continuous link APNbearer or the continuous link APN tunnel; and applying an additionalbilling scheme for the routing of the communication through at least theOTT APN bearer, wherein the billing scheme charges a user of the userdevice a higher fee than the additional billing scheme.
 13. Acomputer-implemented method, comprising: receiving a request from anover-the-top (OTT) application on a user device to establish acommunication session with an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) core of awireless carrier network for routing communication traffic to the IMScore; determining, via a connection manager on the user device, anapplication priority level indicated by an APN parameter of the OTTapplication; in response to a determination that the APN parameterdesignates a first priority level, routing, via the connection manager,the communication traffic via a first communication session thatseamlessly switches between a continuous link APN bearer on a radioaccess network of the wireless carrier network and a continuous link APNtunnel on a remote network that connects to an Evolved Packet DataGateway (ePDG) of the wireless carrier network without interrupting thecommunication session; and in response to a determination that the APNparameter designates a second priority level, routing, via theconnection manager, the communication traffic via a second communicationsession on an OTT APN bearer on the radio access network, and a thirdcommunication session on a communication connection established on theremote network that connects to the Evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG)of the wireless carrier network, the communication connection being anon-APN routed connection.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim13, wherein the wireless carrier network is 3^(rd) GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP)-based network, and a remote network is anon-3GPP network.
 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 13,wherein the user device is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and the OTTapplication is a control application of the UAV that provides flighttelemetry information to a ground control device, and receives flightcontrol commands from the ground control device.
 16. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the continuous link APNbearer is a dedicated APN bearer and the continuous link APN tunnel is adedicated APN tunnel, wherein each of the dedicated APN bearer and thededicated APN tunnel is for exclusively routing the communicationsessions of the OTT application on the user device or multiple instancesof the OTT application on multiple user devices.
 17. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the continuous link APNbearer is a shared APN bearer and the continuous link APN tunnel is ashared APN tunnel, wherein each of the shared APN bearer and the sharedAPN tunnel is for routing communication sessions of multiple OTTapplications that perform different functions.
 18. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the routing thecommunication traffic via the first communication session includes:establishing the first communication session for the OTT application toreach a network resource while the user device is on the radio accessnetwork of the wireless carrier network; routing the first communicationsession through the continuous link APN bearer between the radio accessnetwork and the IMS core of the wireless carrier network; receiving anindication that the user device switched to using the remote networkthat connects to the ePDG of the wireless carrier network; and routingthe first communication session through the continuous link APN tunnelbetween the remote network and the ePDG of the wireless carrier network.19. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the routing thecommunication traffic via the first communication session includes:establishing the first communication session for the OTT application toreach a network resource while the user device is on the remote networkthat connects to the ePDG of the wireless carrier network; routing thefirst communication session through the continuous link APN tunnelbetween the remote network and the ePDG of the wireless carrier network;receiving an indication that the user device switched to using the radioaccess network of the wireless carrier network; and routing the firstcommunication session through the continuous link APN bearer between theradio access network and the IMS core of the wireless carrier network.20. A user device, comprising: one or more processors; and memory havinginstructions stored therein, the instructions, when executed by the oneor more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform actscomprising: receiving a request from an over-the-top (OTT) applicationto establish a communication session with an IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS) core of a wireless carrier network for routing communicationtraffic to the IMS core; determining an access point name (APN)designated by an APN parameter of the OTT application; in response to adetermination that the APN parameter designates a first APN, routing thecommunication traffic via a first communication session that seamlesslyswitches between a dedicated continuous link APN bearer on a radioaccess network of the wireless carrier network and a dedicatedcontinuous link APN tunnel on a remote network that connects to anEvolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) of the wireless carrier networkwithout interrupting the communication session; and in response to adetermination that the APN parameter designates a second APN, routingthe communication traffic via a first communication session thatseamlessly switches between a shared continuous link APN bearer on aradio access network of the wireless carrier network and a sharedcontinuous link APN tunnel on a remote network that connects to anEvolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) of the wireless carrier networkwithout interrupting the communication session, wherein each of thededicated continuous link APN bearer and the dedicated continuous linkAPN tunnel is for exclusively routing the communication sessions of theOTT application on the user device or multiple instances of the OTTapplication on multiple user devices, and each of the shared continuouslink APN bearer and the shared continuous link APN tunnel is for routingcommunication sessions of multiple OTT applications that performdifferent functions.